Meltdowns

SENSORY CONSIDERATIONS

The Trigger:

Many people with autism have sensory difficulties. They may be over-sensitive to some senses, under-sensitive to others, or a combination of both. For someone with autism, a crowded space with lots of noise could cause pain and sensory overload, which can lead to a meltdown.

Tools to Manage:

In these instances, it could be helpful to listen to calming music on headphones and block out the noise. 

Alternatively, you could create a low arousal environment (e.g., remove bright lights) or use sensory equipment (e.g., glasses with dark or coloured lenses, ear defenders, or a weighted blanket).

CHANGE IN ROUTINE

The Trigger:

 Predictable routines and consistent structure are very important for autistic people. Any changes to these will be very distressing.

Tools to Manage:

Clear visual supports explaining any routine changes, reassurance that the rest of the routine remains the same, and adding extra support such as a calming/comforting activity to do as part of the routine might help. 

For unexpected changes, you could create a specific plan, such as: the use of a picture symbol to explain the change, reinforcement of the rest of the day being the same (if that’s the case), or a chance to express any frustration appropriately (such as hitting a pillow or ripping paper) followed by an activity that is calming such as taking deep breaths or squeezing a stress ball. 

You could also implement a clear timetable explaining when the transitions will be or use timers to count down to transitions.

COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES

The Trigger:

It can be difficult for autistic people to express their wants and needs. This can result in overwhelming feelings, such as anger and frustration, and lead to a meltdown.

Tools to Manage:

Things that can support this include social stories , Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS), writing down information, speaking in short, clear sentences, and using technology such as tablets, voice software, and instant messaging.